St. Augustine grass has been propagated for nearly 200 years, so there isnt much of a variety. Because of its propagation, there have never been grass breeding programs developed for it either. The most common strain has a white stigma, and is native to the Gulf, Caribbean, and West Africa regions. There is another common strain, one that may have been crossed with another specias, that has a purple stigma, and has been reported in Australia, New Zealand, and The Pacific Isles. It has been a hallmark of Florida and California since the early 1900’s.
Severl Florida strains were available before 1960 - The purple stigma’d Floratine was released in 1959. It was released for its finer texture and darker color than other strains found in Florida at the time. It remains green into the fall and also is more resistant to shorter mowing than othe St. Augustine strains.
Two other strains, Bitter Blue and Floratam were also released by Florida. Bitter Blue was used for its less coarse texture than other Florida grass, and Floratam was released as a Chinch bug resistant selection in 1972. Like other Florida St Augustine types, it is a coarse textured variety, and has a purple stigma and is also sterile. The stolons are purplish red and have internodes that are roughly 3 inches. The leaf blades are wider than other Augustine grasses, and the morphological characteristics are similar to the Roselawn grass used in pastures.
Foratam is also not cold tolerant, and shuld only be used in the warmer regions of the U.S. It also is not as shade tolerant as other strains.
The Seville type was released in 1980 as a SAD and chinch bug resistant strain. It is finer textured than Floratam, but it lacks the cold tolerance of other stains as well.
The Raleigh grass type was released in 1980 as a cold tolerant, SAD resistant strain. It develops a denser turf like grass than Floratam, but it is not all that resistant to chinch bugs.
The Texas Common strain is a commercially produced strain in Texas made in the 1920s. It is similar to the white stigma type native to the Gulf/Caribbean region. Since it has been propagated for so long, very few variations in this type have been produced, however, natural varients have been produced.
Dwarf and variegated types of St. Augustine grass have also been selected from seed produced by Texas Common. However, these strains are more ornamental and novelty grasses than turfgrasses. One of the dwarf types (patented in the U.S. as Garretts 141) has been evaluated for its seed production potential. However, Garrets 141 and its progeny lacks the cold tolerance necessary to extend its area of adaptation beyond Southern Florida and South Texas in the United States.
Sources: http://plantanswers.tamu.edu/turf/publications/staug.html
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